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CRIMINAL CODE TRANSITION CONCORDANCE

IPC → BNS Statutory Concordance

Instant bi-directional legal mapping between repealed colonial statutes (IPC, CrPC, IEA) and the new Bharatiya criminal codes (BNS, BNSS, BSA), cross-referenced with certified Pleadings court records.

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18 provisions indexed
IPC §302➔BNS §103

Punishment for Murder

Punishment substantially retained with death or life imprisonment.

Pleadings Cases Interpreting This Provision:
📖 The Ghost Case (1959)→📖 The Nanavati Case (1961)→📖 The ₹2 Crore Haircut Case (2023)→📖 Shreya Singhal v. Union of India (2015)→📖 M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1987)→📖 Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)→📖 The Shah Bano Case (1985)→📖 Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan (1997)→📖 Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978)→📖 Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (2018)→
IPC §300➔BNS §101

Murder and Exceptions

Exceptions including grave and sudden provocation retained.

IPC §304➔BNS §105

Culpable Homicide not amounting to murder

Retains division between intentional and knowledge-based acts.

IPC §79➔BNS §17

Act done by person justified or believing themselves justified by mistake of fact

Bona fide belief based on mistake of fact eliminates criminal culpability.

IPC §52➔BNS §2(11)

Good Faith (Due care and attention)

Requirement of due care and attention strictly preserved.

IPC §377➔REPEALED / NO DIRECT EQUIVALENT
⚠️ SUBSTANTIVE REFORM

Unnatural offences

No equivalent provision in BNS following constitutional reading down.

IPC §124A➔BNS §152
⚠️ SUBSTANTIVE REFORM

Endangering sovereignty, unity and integrity of India

Colonial sedition term eliminated; refocused on subversive armed acts.

IPC §499➔BNS §356
⚠️ SUBSTANTIVE REFORM

Defamation

Community service introduced as an alternative punishment option.

IPC §354A➔BNS §75

Sexual Harassment

Subsumed into unified Chapter V protecting women and children.

IPC §354➔BNS §74

Assault on woman with intent to outrage modesty

Preserved with enhanced minimum sentences.

CrPC §125➔BNSS §144

Order for maintenance of wives, children and parents

Mandatory timeline for interim maintenance applications.

CrPC §154➔BNSS §173
⚠️ SUBSTANTIVE REFORM

Information in cognizable cases (Zero FIR / e-FIR)

Formal statutory recognition of Zero FIR and digital electronic FIRs.

CrPC §161➔BNSS §180
⚠️ SUBSTANTIVE REFORM

Examination of witnesses by police

Expressly allows audio-video recording of statements.

CrPC §438➔BNSS §482

Direction for grant of bail to person apprehending arrest (Anticipatory Bail)

Retained with codified procedural guidelines.

IEA §27➔BSA §23

Information received from accused proved in evidence (Discovery)

Fact discovered in consequence of information remains admissible.

IEA §65B➔BSA §63
⚠️ SUBSTANTIVE REFORM

Admissibility of electronic records

Refined electronic certificate mechanisms for modern digital evidence.

IT Act §66A➔REPEALED / NO DIRECT EQUIVALENT
⚠️ SUBSTANTIVE REFORM

Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service

Struck down as unconstitutional in Shreya Singhal (2015); void ab initio.

CPA 1986 §14➔CPA 2019 §39
⚠️ SUBSTANTIVE REFORM

Findings and reliefs granted by Consumer Commissions

Consumer Protection Act 2019 overhauled compensation for deficiency in service.